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<title>Max (software)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Max (software)</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Autodesk_3ds_Max" title="Autodesk 3ds Max">Autodesk 3ds Max</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Max</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cycling_'74" title="Cycling '74">Cycling '74</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">9.0.5<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-487f7751ca60de5580dda992b3347f6e413e567c-v20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-487f7751ca60de5580dda992b3347f6e413e567c-v20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 

/ 4 March 2025</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> (on <a href="JUCE" title="JUCE">JUCE</a> platform)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Music" title="Music">Music</a> and <a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> development</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/products/max">cycling74<wbr>.com<wbr>/products<wbr>/max</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Max</b>, also known as <b>Max/MSP/Jitter</b>, is a <a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">visual programming language</a> for <a href="Music" title="Music">music</a> and <a href="Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> developed and maintained by <a href="San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>-based software company <a href="Cycling_'74" title="Cycling '74">Cycling '74</a>. Over its more than thirty-year history, it has been used by <a href="Composer" title="Composer">composers</a>, performers, <a href="Software_design" title="Software design">software designers</a>, researchers, and artists to create recordings, performances, and installations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Max program is modular, with most routines existing as <a href="Shared_library" title="Shared library">shared libraries</a>. An <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) allows third-party development of new routines (named <i>external objects</i>). Thus, Max has a large user base of programmers unaffiliated with Cycling '74 who enhance the software with commercial and non-commercial <a href="Software_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Software extension">extensions</a> to the program. Because of this <a href="Extensibility" title="Extensibility">extensible</a> design, which simultaneously represents both the <a href="Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a>'s structure and its <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI), Max has been described as the <a href="Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> for developing interactive music performance software.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p><a href="Miller_Puckette" title="Miller Puckette">Miller Puckette</a> began work on Max in 1985, at the <a href="IRCAM" title="IRCAM">Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique</a> (IRCAM) in <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally called <i>The Patcher</i>, this first version provided composers with a graphical interface for creating interactive <a href="Computer_music" title="Computer music">computer music</a> scores on the <a href="Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>. At this point in its development Max couldn't perform its own real-time sound synthesis in software, but instead sent control messages to external hardware synthesizers and samplers using <a href="MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> or a similar <a href="Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">protocol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its earliest widely recognized use in composition was for <i>Pluton</i>, a 1988 piano and computer piece by <a href="Philippe_Manoury" title="Philippe Manoury">Philippe Manoury</a>; the software synchronized a computer to a piano and controlled a <a href="Sogitec_4X" title="Sogitec 4X">Sogitec 4X</a> for audio processing.<sup id="cite_ref-pluton_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pluton-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1989, IRCAM developed <i>Max/FTS</i> ("Faster Than Sound"), a version of Max ported to the <a href="ISPW" title="ISPW">IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation</a> (ISPW) for the <a href="NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a>. Also known as "Audio Max", it would prove a forerunner to Max's MSP audio extensions, adding the ability to do real-time synthesis using an internal hardware <a href="Digital_signal_processor" title="Digital signal processor">digital signal processor</a> (DSP) board.<sup id="cite_ref-ircam_history_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ircam_history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cycling_'74_history_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cycling_'74_history-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, IRCAM worked with Joel Chadabe and Ben Austin of Intelligent Computer Music Systems to license the software for commercial sales in the United States. With the 1990 bankruptcy of Intelligent Computer Music Systems, both the <i>Max</i> Software and Ben Austin moved to <a href="Opcode_Systems" title="Opcode Systems">Opcode Systems</a>, which became the publisher of record for <i>Max</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>Although Opcode launched its commercial version named <i>Max</i> in 1990, developed and extended by <a href="David_Zicarelli" class="mw-redirect" title="David Zicarelli">David Zicarelli</a>, the product was becoming a poor fit for Opcode, which was squarely towards commercial music production. Thus Zicarelli in 1997 acquired the publishing rights and founded a new company, Cycling '74, to continue commercial development.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The timing was fortunate, as Opcode was acquired by <a href="Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar Corporation">Gibson Guitar</a> in 1998 and ended operations in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>IRCAM's in-house Max development was also winding down; the last version produced there was <i>jMax</i>, a direct descendant of Max/FTS developed in 1998 for <a href="Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a> (SGI) and later for <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> systems. It used Java for its graphical interface and C for its real-time backend, and was eventually released as <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>.

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<p>Meanwhile, Puckette had independently released a fully redesigned open-source composition tool named <i><a href="Pure_Data" title="Pure Data">Pure Data</a></i> (Pd) in 1996, which, despite some underlying engineering differences from the IRCAM versions, continued in the same tradition. Cycling '74's first Max release, in 1997, was derived partly from Puckette's work on Pure Data. Called <i>Max/MSP</i> ("Max Signal Processing", or the initials Miller Smith Puckette), it remains the most notable of Max's many extensions and incarnations: it made Max capable of manipulating real-time <a href="Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> signals without dedicated DSP hardware. This meant that composers could now create their own complex synthesizers and effects processors using only a general-purpose computer like the Macintosh <a href="PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">PowerBook G3</a>.

</p><p>In 1999, the <a href="Netochka_Nezvanova_(author)" title="Netochka Nezvanova (author)">Netochka Nezvanova</a> collective released <i><a href="Nato.0%2B55%2B3d" title="Nato.0+55+3d">NATO.0+55+3d</a></i>, a suite of externals that added extensive real-time video control to Max.

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<p>Though NATO.0+55+3d became increasingly popular among multimedia artists, its development stopped abruptly in 2001. <i><a href="SoftVNS" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftVNS">SoftVNS</a></i>, another set of extensions for visual processing in Max, was released in 2002 by Canadian media artist <a href="David_Rokeby" title="David Rokeby">David Rokeby</a>. Cycling '74 released their own set of video extensions, <i>Jitter</i>, alongside Max 4 in 2003, adding real-time video, <a href="OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a> graphics, and <a href="Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a> processing capabilities. Max 4 was also the first version to run on <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>. Max 5, released in 2008, redesigned the patching GUI for the first time in Max's commercial history.

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<p>In 2011, Max 6 added a new audio engine compatible with 64-bit operating systems, integration with <a href="Ableton_Live" title="Ableton Live">Ableton Live</a> sequencer software, and an extension called Gen, which can compile optimized Max patches for higher performance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Max 7 was released in 2014 and focused on 3D rendering improvements.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On June 6, 2017, <a href="Ableton" title="Ableton">Ableton</a> announced its purchase of Cycling '74, with Max continuing to be published by Cycling '74 and David Zicarelli remaining with the company.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On September 25, 2018, Max 8 was released.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the new features include MC, a new way to work with multiple channels, JavaScript support with Node for Max, and Vizzie 2.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>On October 29, 2024, Max 9, the most recent major version of the software, was released.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2></div>

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<p>Max is named after composer <a href="Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a>, and can be considered a descendant of his <a href="MUSIC-N" title="MUSIC-N">MUSIC</a> language, though its graphical nature disguises that fact.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like most <a href="MUSIC-N" title="MUSIC-N">MUSIC-N</a> languages, Max distinguishes between two levels of time: that of an <i>event</i> scheduler, and that of the DSP (this corresponds to the distinction between k-rate and a-rate processes in <a href="Csound" title="Csound">Csound</a>, and control rate vs. audio rate in <a href="SuperCollider" title="SuperCollider">SuperCollider</a>).

</p><p>The basic language of Max and its sibling programs is that of a data-flow system: Max programs (named <i>patches</i>) are made by arranging and connecting building-blocks of <i>objects</i> within a <i>patcher</i>, or visual canvas. These objects act as self-contained programs (in reality, they are dynamically linked libraries), each of which may receive input (through one or more visual <i>inlets</i>), generate output (through visual <i>outlets</i>), or both. Objects pass messages from their outlets to the inlets of connected objects.

</p><p>Max supports six basic atomic data types that can be transmitted as messages from object to object: int, float, list, symbol, bang, and signal (for MSP audio connections). Several more complex data structures exist within the program for handling numeric arrays (<i>table</i> data), hash tables (<i>coll</i> data), XML information (<i>pattr</i> data), and JSON-based dictionaries (<i>dict</i> data). An MSP data structure (<i>buffer~</i>) can hold digital audio information within program memory. In addition, the Jitter package adds a scalable, multi-dimensional data structure for handling large sets of numbers for storing video and other datasets (<i>matrix</i> data).

</p><p>Max is typically learned through acquiring a vocabulary of objects and how they function within a patcher; for example, the <i>metro</i> object functions as a simple metronome, and the <i>random</i> object generates random integers. Most objects are non-graphical, consisting only of an object's name and several arguments-attributes (in essence class properties) typed into an <i>object box</i>. Other objects are graphical, including sliders, number boxes, dials, table editors, pull-down menus, buttons, and other objects for running the program interactively. Max/MSP/Jitter comes with about 600 of these objects as the standard package; extensions to the program can be written by third-party developers as Max patchers (e.g. by encapsulating some of the functionality of a patcher into a sub-program that is itself a Max patch), or as objects written in <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, or <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.

</p><p>The order of execution for messages traversing through the graph of objects is defined by the visual organization of the objects in the patcher itself. As a result of this organizing principle, Max is unusual in that the program logic and the interface as presented to the user are typically related, though newer versions of Max provide several technologies for more standard GUI design.

</p><p>Max documents (named patchers) can be bundled into stand-alone applications and distributed free or sold commercially. In addition, Max can be used to author audio and MIDI <a href="Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugin</a> software for <a href="Ableton_Live" title="Ableton Live">Ableton Live</a> through the Max for Live extension.

</p><p>With the increased integration of <a href="Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> computers into live music performance (in <a href="Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> and elsewhere), Max/MSP and Max/Jitter have received attention as a development environment available to those serious about laptop music/video performance. Programs sharing Max's visual programming concepts are now commonly used for real-time audio and video synthesis and processing.

</p>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_audio_synthesis_environments" title="Comparison of audio synthesis environments">Comparison of audio synthesis environments</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_music_software" title="List of music software">List of music software</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">Visual programming language</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1">. 4 March 2025 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/releases/max/9.0.5">https://cycling74.com/releases/max/9.0.5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopesandfears.com/hopes/culture/music/168579-max-msp-primer">"Max/MSP for average music junkies"</a>. <i>Hopes&Fears</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPlaceLossius2006" class="citation web cs1">Place, T.; Lossius, T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726201223/http://www.jamoma.org/papers/jamoma-icmc2006.pdf">"A modular standard for structuring patches in Max"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jamoma</i>. New Orleans, US: In Proc. of the International Computer Music Conference 2006. pp. <span class="nowrap">143–</span>146. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamoma.org/papers/jamoma-icmc2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarryMiller1985" class="citation journal cs1">Barry, Vercoe; Miller, Puckette (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/i/icmc/bbp2372.1985.043/1/--synthetic-rehearsal-training-the-synthetic-performer?page=root;size=150;view=text">"Synthetic Rehearsal: Training the Synthetic Performer"</a>. <i>International Computer Music Conference Proceedings</i>. <b>1985</b>. ICMC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPuckette,_Miller_S.1988" class="citation journal cs1">Puckette, Miller S. (11 August 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msp.ucsd.edu/Publications/icmc88.pdf">"The Patcher"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ICMC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-22</span></span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pluton-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pluton_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPuckette" class="citation web cs1">Puckette, Miller S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040707132901/http://www-crca.ucsd.edu/~msp/pdrp/latest/patch/manoury-pluton/doc/history.htm">"Pd Repertory Project - History of <i>Pluton</i>"</a>. CRCA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-crca.ucsd.edu/~msp/pdrp/latest/patch/manoury-pluton/doc/history.htm">the original</a> on 2004-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ircam_history-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ircam_history_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603230029/http://freesoftware.ircam.fr/article.php3?id_article=5">"A brief history of MAX"</a>. IRCAM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freesoftware.ircam.fr/article.php3?id_article=5">the original</a> on 2009-06-03.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HZtGs5_z4zIC&dq=max+intelligent+music+joel+chadabe&pg=PA241">The Contemporary Violin: Extended Performance Techniques By Patricia Strange, Allen Strange</a> Accessed 10 September 2018</span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBattinoRichards2005" class="citation book cs1">Battino, David; Richards, Kelli (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofdigitalmusi00davi/page/110"><i>The Art of Digital Music</i></a></span>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofdigitalmusi00davi/page/110">110</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87930-830-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/company/">"About Us"</a>. Cycling74.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/support/faq_max4/">"FAQ Max4"</a>. Cycling74.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027094815/http://news.harmony-central.com/News/1999/Opcode-Changes.html">"Harmony Central News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.harmony-central.com/News/1999/Opcode-Changes.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/products/gen/">"GEN - Extend the power of Max"</a>. Cycling74.com.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/max7/">"Max 7 is Patching Reimagined"</a>. Cycling '74. 2014.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm.link/2017/06/conversation-david-zicarelli-gerhard-behles/">A conversation with David Zicarelli and Gerhard Behles, Peter Kirn - June 6, 2017</a> Accessed 10 September 2018</span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/articles/max-8-is-here">"Article: Max 8 is here | Cycling '74"</a>. <i>cycling74.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/products/max-features">"What's New in Max 8? | Cycling '74"</a>. <i>cycling74.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPuckette" class="citation web cs1">Puckette, Miller. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msp.ucsd.edu/Publications/dartmouth-reprint.dir/dartmouth-reprint.html">"Max at Seventeen"</a>. <i>msp.ucsd.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cycling74.com/products/max/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Computer_music80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Computer_music" title="Computer music">Computer music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Marc_Battier" title="Marc Battier">Marc Battier</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Boulanger" title="Richard Boulanger">Richard Boulanger</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Cope" title="David Cope">David Cope</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Chowning" title="John Chowning">John Chowning</a></li>

<li><a href="Giuseppe_di_Giugno" title="Giuseppe di Giugno">Giuseppe di Giugno</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Dodge_(composer)" title="Charles Dodge (composer)">Charles Dodge</a></li>

<li><a href="Gottfried_Michael_Koenig" title="Gottfried Michael Koenig">Gottfried Michael Koenig</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Lansky" title="Paul Lansky">Paul Lansky</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a></li>

<li><a href="G%C3%A9rard_Pape" title="Gérard Pape">Gérard Pape</a></li>

<li><a href="Miller_Puckette" title="Miller Puckette">Miller Puckette</a></li>

<li><a href="Roger_Reynolds" title="Roger Reynolds">Roger Reynolds</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Claude_Risset" title="Jean-Claude Risset">Jean-Claude Risset</a></li>

<li><a href="Curtis_Roads" title="Curtis Roads">Curtis Roads</a></li>

<li><a href="Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li>

<li><a href="Trimpin" title="Trimpin">Trimpin</a></li>

<li><a href="Barry_Vercoe" title="Barry Vercoe">Barry Vercoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="CSIRAC" title="CSIRAC"></a></span>

<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes#Center_for_Computer_Research_in_Music_and_Acoustics" title="Stanford University centers and institutes"></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs and<br>instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ChucK" title="ChucK">ChucK</a></li>

<li><a href="Composers_Desktop_Project" title="Composers Desktop Project">Composers Desktop Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Csound" title="Csound">Csound</a></li>

<li><a href="FAUST_(programming_language)" title="FAUST (programming language)">FAUST</a></li>

<li><a href="Laptop_orchestra" title="Laptop orchestra">Laptop orchestra</a></li>

<li><a href="MIDI_controller" title="MIDI controller">MIDI controller</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_Mouse" title="Music Mouse">Music Mouse</a></li>

<li><a href="MUSIC-N" title="MUSIC-N">MUSIC-N</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiodrum" title="Radiodrum">Radiodrum</a></li>

<li><a href="Riffusion" title="Riffusion">Riffusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonic_Pi" title="Sonic Pi">Sonic Pi</a></li>

<li><a href="SuperCollider" title="SuperCollider">SuperCollider</a></li>

<li><a href="TidalCycles" title="TidalCycles">TidalCycles</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes#Center_for_Computer_Research_in_Music_and_Acoustics" title="Stanford University centers and institutes">CCRMA</a></li>

<li><a href="CCMIX" title="CCMIX">CEMAMu</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_Music_Center" title="Computer Music Center">Computer Music Center at Columbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_Music_Studios" title="Experimental Music Studios">Experimental Music Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Center_for_New_Music_and_Audio_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for New Music and Audio Technologies">Center for New Music and Audio Technologies</a></li>

<li><a href="Princeton_Sound_Lab" title="Princeton Sound Lab">Princeton Sound Lab</a></li>

<li><a href="TIMARA" title="TIMARA">Oberlin TIMARA Labs</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algorithmic_composition" title="Algorithmic composition">Algorithmic composition</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_and_artificial_intelligence" title="Music and artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Sound synthesis</a>

<ul><li><a href="Digital_synthesizer" title="Digital synthesizer">Digital synthesis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Illiac_Suite" title="Illiac Suite">Illiac Suite</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mortuos_Plango%2C_Vivos_Voco" title="Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco">Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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